Training/Spatial reasoning/Mental Rotation

Mental
Rotation

Two shapes. The right one has been turned. Is it the same shape, or its mirror image? To answer, you'll spin it in your head, and the further it's turned, the longer that takes.

Difficultyangles & time limit
25 pairs
Same, or mirror?
The right shape is the left one turned, or its mirror image turned. Answer "Same" (F) or "Mirror" (J). 25 pairs; accuracy first, then speed.
YOUR ROTATION SPEED

The further it turns, the longer you take

If you really rotate the picture in your head, your answer time should climb steadily with the angle, almost a straight line. Here's yours.

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0°
45°
90°
135°
180°
Play the game above, your answer times by angle will appear here.

Now do it with your hands

Drag the slider to turn the green shape until it sits exactly on the outline. That smooth sweep is what your brain seems to do in the game, only silently, and in a fraction of a second.

Sometimes the outline is a mirror image. No amount of turning will make it fit: which is exactly how you know.

Turned 0°

You rotate things all day

Each of these is a turn you make in your head. Hover a card to snap it back upright.

180°

Reading a map

Heading south? You turn the map 180° in your head so it matches the road ahead.

90°

Moving furniture

"Will the sofa fit through the door if we tip it on its end?"

45°

Packing & puzzles

Spinning a jigsaw piece, or a suitcase in the boot, until it slots in.

135°

Surgery & science

Surgeons, engineers and chemists picture 3D structures from every side.

Rotate smarter

01

Pick one anchor

Find one distinctive block, the yellow one, and track only that as you turn. The rest follows.

90°270°
02

Turn the short way

Your brain rotates at a steady speed, so a smaller turn is a faster answer. Never go past 180°.

Same
Mirror
03

Check the handedness

Once it's upright, look at the anchor: is it on the same side? If it's swapped, you're looking at the mirror.

90%the target
04

Accuracy first

Aim for 90% or better before you push for speed. A fast wrong answer teaches you nothing.

INSIDE YOUR BRAIN

Your hands help you think

Rotating an image in your head borrows areas that plan real hand movements. Pick a region.

Side view of the brain with the four lobes shaded in different coloursFRONTALPARIETALTEMPORALOCCIPITALCEREBELLUM
1
Based on Gray's Anatomy, fig. 728 (public domain)
1971the straight line

Roger Shepard and Jacqueline Metzler showed people pairs of 3D block shapes. Answer time rose in a near-perfect straight line with the angle, strong evidence that people really do "turn" mental images.

Shepard & Metzler, 1971
217training studies

A review of 217 studies found spatial skills improve with practice, the gains last, and they carry over to related spatial tasks.

Uttal et al., 2013
SourcesShepard & Metzler (1971), ScienceUttal et al. (2013), Psychological BulletinZacks (2008), J. Cognitive NeuroscienceWexler, Kosslyn & Berthoz (1998), Cognition
WHAT THIS GAME TRAINS

Turning shapes in your mind

Is this the same shape rotated, or its mirror image? Since Shepard and Metzler's 1971 study, we've known people rotate the image in their heads: the further it's turned, the longer it takes.

corestrongsomelight
coreMental rotationTurning an image in your head.
coreSpatial visualisationBuilding a 3D picture from a 2D drawing.
someComparisonChecking every part for a match.
someProcessing speedRotating quickly and accurately.

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