Operating systems are the foundation of all software. These books teach how OSes work internally - processes, virtual memory, filesystems, concurrency, and I/O - from both textbook and hands-on perspectives.

Foundational OS Textbooks

Standard operating systems textbooks used in university courses.

BookAuthorYearLevelDescription
Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces
Arpaci-Dusseau Books
Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau2018IntermediateThe best free OS textbook, organized around virtualization, concurrency, and persistence. Modern, clear, and engaging.
Operating System Concepts
10th Edition, Wiley
Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne2018IntermediateThe 'dinosaur book' - long-standing standard OS textbook.
Modern Operating Systems
4th Edition, Pearson
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Herbert Bos2014IntermediateTanenbaum's OS textbook with strong distributed systems content.

OS Internals and Implementation

Deep dives into how real operating systems are implemented.

BookAuthorYearLevelDescription
Understanding the Linux Kernel
3rd Edition, O'Reilly
Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati2005AdvancedThe most widely referenced Linux internals book. Still useful though covering older kernel versions.
Linux Kernel Development
3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley
Robert Love2010AdvancedClear, practical guide to Linux kernel programming.
Windows Internals
7th Edition, Microsoft Press
Pavel Yosifovich, Alex Ionescu, Mark Russinovich, David Solomon2017AdvancedThe definitive Windows internals reference in two volumes.

Systems Programming

Programming at the system level using OS interfaces.

BookAuthorYearLevelDescription
The Linux Programming Interface
No Starch Press
Michael Kerrisk2010AdvancedThe definitive Linux/POSIX system programming reference. Exhaustive coverage of system calls.
Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley
W. Richard Stevens, Stephen A. Rago2013AdvancedClassic 'APUE' text on Unix system programming. Foundational reading for systems programmers.
Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective
3rd Edition, Pearson
Randal E. Bryant, David R. O'Hallaron2015Intermediate-AdvancedCMU's 'CSAPP' covering systems from a programmer's viewpoint.

Concurrency and Synchronization

Multithreading, locks, and concurrent algorithms.

BookAuthorYearLevelDescription
The Art of Multiprocessor Programming
2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann
Maurice Herlihy, Nir Shavit, Victor Luchangco, Michael Spear2020AdvancedThe standard reference for concurrent programming and data structures.
Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?
Free Online
Paul E. McKenney2021AdvancedFree comprehensive book on parallel programming from Linux kernel parallelism expert.
Java Concurrency in Practice
Addison-Wesley
Brian Goetz, Tim Peierls, Joshua Bloch, Joseph Bowbeer, David Holmes, Doug Lea2006Intermediate-AdvancedBest reference for Java concurrency, with concepts applicable to all languages.

Virtual Machines and Containers

Modern OS topics including virtualization and containers.

BookAuthorYearLevelDescription
Virtual Machines: Versatile Platforms for Systems and Processes
Morgan Kaufmann
James E. Smith, Ravi Nair2005AdvancedComprehensive treatment of virtualization from process to system VMs.
Container Security
O'Reilly
Liz Rice2020IntermediateModern security-focused introduction to containers.
Systems Performance
2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley
Brendan Gregg2020AdvancedEssential modern reference on OS performance analysis.