Five in, two out
Two of the five new subtests came from the Wechsler Memory Scale. Spatial Addition and Symbol Span were introduced in the WMS-IV as its visual working memory tasks.8
Primary and secondary roles follow the independent validity study.3 The four ancillary indexes shown are named by Pearson, but their subtest make-up here is inferred from those names and should be checked against the Technical Manual.1,2 There are 15 ancillary indexes in all.5
2,020 adults, matched to the 2022 census
The norm sample covers ages 16 to 90 in 13 age groups, stratified by sex, education, race/ethnicity and region. It closely matched 2022 US census estimates.3 A later study used the normative data to look at cognitive ageing across 11 adult age groups.9
References
- [1]Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition: features and test framework. Pearson Assessments.pearsonassessments.com
- [2]A guide to WAIS-5 ancillary index scores (flyer). Pearson (PDF).pearsonassessments.com
- [3]McGill, R. J., et al. Construct validity of the WAIS–5 (manuscript, 2026, PDF).rjmcgill.com
- [4]Canivez, G. L., et al. (2026, February). Construct validity of the WAIS-5, with appendix (PDF).ux1.eiu.edu
- [5]Entering WAIS-5 scores. Pearson Q-global help documentation.qglobal.pearsonclinical.com
- [6]New subtests of the WAIS-5 (webinar handout, 2024). Scribd.scribd.com
- [7]WAIS-5 sample score report with demographically referenced scores. Pearson (PDF).pearsonassessments.com
- [8]Drozdick, L. W., Holdnack, J. A., & Hilsabeck, R. C. Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment, Chapter 1. Wiley (excerpt, PDF).catalogimages.wiley.com
- [9]Cognitive aging revisited: a cross-sectional analysis of the WAIS-5. PubMed Central.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Related historical tests
The WAIS-IV had four indexes and ten core subtests, with Digit Span scored as one subtest. The WAIS-5 split both Perceptual Reasoning and Digit Span, and dropped Picture Completion and Cancellation.
Spatial Addition and Symbol Span first appeared in the fourth memory scale as its visual working memory tasks. The WAIS-5 brought them into the intelligence battery as secondary subtests.
The children's Wechsler moved to five primary indexes ten years before the adult test. Independent factor analyses challenged that split, and the same question now faces the WAIS-5.
Digit Span has been part of Wechsler's scales since his first battery in 1939. The WAIS-5 is the first adult edition to score its parts as separate subtests.
The 1955 WAIS was the first adult Wechsler with its own norms. The WAIS-5 is the fifth adult edition, with a norm sample closely matched to 2022 US census estimates.