1987 · DELIS, KRAMER, KAPLAN & OBER · 10 SOURCES

Not just how much you remember. How.

Sixteen shopping-list nouns from four categories are read aloud five times. The CVLT scores how quickly you learn them, and also whether you group them by category or recall them in list order.2,8

Shopping list
hammer
cinnamon
celery
ladle
paprika
wrench
whisk
turnip
An invented list: four categories, interleaved

A list built to reveal strategy

Its design was novel in 1987.1 Because the list contains four hidden categories, the order you recall words in shows whether you're organising them by meaning or simply by position.

16Nouns, four categoriesSixteen words from four semantic categories, four words each.3
1 sRead aloud in fixed orderThe examiner reads the list at one-second intervals, in the same order every time.9
×5Five learning trialsAfter each reading you recall as many as you can, in any order. The five trials show a learning curve and primacy and recency effects.2
BA second listA different list is then read once, before recall of the first list is tested again.8
↻Delays, cues, recognitionShort- and long-delay free recall, recall with category cues, and a recognition test.9
TRY IT · THREE LEARNING TRIALS

Watch 16 words, then type what you remember

Words appear one per second, always in the same order. After each run, type every word you remember, in any order. The page then scores the process as well as the total.

Words recalled per trial
—
—
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Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3

An invented list and a shortened procedure (the real test uses five trials, a second list and delayed recall). These aren't CVLT words or norms.

READY · 16 WORDS · 3 TRIALS

Adult, child, second and third editions

1987CVLTadultThe original, from The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio.4
1991Alternate formadultA second, parallel form for retesting.5
1994CVLT-Cages 5–16:11A 15-item "Monday list" from three categories (fruit, clothing, toys), over eight trials with a 20-minute delay.4
2000CVLT-IIages 16–89Internal consistency .78–.94, norms much more representative of the US population, and recognition split into source and novel components.6
2017CVLT3ages 16–90Major scoring changes and updates from the CVLT-II.1

What the profile can show

Everyday practiceThe CVLT and CVLT-II are among the five instruments clinical neuropsychologists in North America use most.5
Frontal-lobe injuryEleven patients with focal frontal lesions learned fewer words, made more intrusions and did worse on recognition than controls.6
AgeingOlder adults score lower, in line with normal age-related declines seen in other normative samples.3
Clinical trialsLong-delay free recall was the primary outcome in a multiple sclerosis supplement trial.8
CRITICISMThe original was said to suffer from poor control of item selection and an inflated normative sample, from 273 nonclinical people.7,9 Sources also give the fourth author as both Barbara A. Ober and Beth A. Ober.4,10

References

  1. [1]Essentials of CVLT3 and CVLT-C assessment: chapter 1, overview (ISBN 9781119578567). Wiley excerpt (PDF).catalogimages.wiley.com
  2. [2]California Verbal Learning Test: an overview. ScienceDirect Topics (Neuroscience).sciencedirect.com
  3. [3]California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (study of CVLT-II recognition discriminability in Huntington's and Alzheimer's). ResearchGate.researchgate.net
  4. [4]California Verbal Learning Test, Children's Version (CVLT-C). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer.link.springer.com
  5. [5]Woods, S. P., Delis, D. C., Scott, J. C., Kramer, J. H., & Holdnack, J. A. (2006). The CVLT-II: test-retest reliability, practice effects, and reliable change indices. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. ScienceDirect.sciencedirect.com
  6. [6]Criterion validity of the CVLT-II after traumatic brain injury (2006). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. ScienceDirect.sciencedirect.com
  7. [7]Verbal list learning tasks (thesis). University of Houston Institutional Repository.uh-ir.tdl.org
  8. [8]Lipoic acid and omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (NCT02133664), outcome: CVLT-II. ClinicalTrials.gov.clinicaltrials.gov
  9. [9]Wikipedia contributors. California Verbal Learning Test (accessed 30 Sept 2026).en.wikipedia.org
  10. [10]California Verbal Learning Test. Grokipedia (2026).grokipedia.com
HOW TO CITE THIS PAGE
What's Your IQ. (2026). California Verbal Learning Test (1987). In Historical IQ Tests Archive. Retrieved September 30, 2026, from /en/historical-iq-tests/cvlt-1987
EDITORIAL RECORD
First published2026
Last reviewed30 September 2026
Sources10, all from visible search results
Open questionsFourth author's first name; 1987 norm sample details; the adult list's actual categories
Canonical URLwhats-your-iq.com/en/historical-iq-tests/cvlt-1987

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Part of the Historical IQ Tests Archive. Editorial content under CC BY-SA 4.0. The CVLT is published by Pearson; no CVLT word lists are reproduced. The list on this page was made up for it.

Memory is one piece. See the whole profile.

Contemporary norms (mean 100, SD 15) and a four-domain breakdown, in about 30 minutes.

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