Academic Terms
Hypothesis
/haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/
A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence.
Analysis
/əˈnæləsɪs/
A detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
Methodology
/ˌmɛθəˈdɒlədʒi/
A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
Example: The methodology used in this research ensures reliable results.
Transitional Phrases
Furthermore
/ˈfɜːrðərˌmɔːr/
In addition; moreover.
Nevertheless
/ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs/
In spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same.
Consequently
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/
As a result; therefore.
Example: She did not meet the requirements; nevertheless, her work was impressive.
Formal Verbs
Establish
/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
To set up or found something.
Demonstrate
/ˈdɛmənstreɪt/
To show clearly by reasoning or evidence.
Clarify
/ˈklærɪfaɪ/
To make something clear or easier to understand.
Example: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the new method.
Formal Adjectives
Significant
/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.
Relevant
/ˈrɛləvənt/
Closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand.
Preliminary
/prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/
Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something more important.
Example: Preliminary results indicate a positive trend.
Nouns for Arguments
Assertion
/əˈsɜːrʃən/
A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.
Evidence
/ˈɛvɪdəns/
The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief is true.
Justification
/ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The action of showing something to be right or reasonable.
Example: The author provides justification for the proposed theory.
Formal Connectors
Moreover
/mɔːrˈoʊvər/
In addition to what has been said.
In contrast
/ɪn ˈkɒntræst/
Used to show differences between two subjects.
Consequently
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/
As a result or effect of an action.
Example: In contrast to previous studies, this research offers new insights.
Polite Expressions
It is recommended that
/ɪt ɪz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðæt/
A polite way to suggest an action.
We would appreciate
/wi wʊd əˈpriːʃieɪt/
A polite phrase to express gratitude or request.
Please be advised that
/pliːz bi ədˈvaɪzd ðæt/
A formal phrase used to inform someone politely.
Example: Please be advised that the deadline has been extended.